Cardiology

• Chest pain or a feeling of pressure
• Shortness of breath, especially during exertion
• Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
• Dizziness or fainting
• Pain radiating to the arms, shoulders, back, or jaw
• Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen
• Fatigue or weakness, especially during daily activities
• Cold sweat
• Cyanosis or paleness of the skin
• Cough or wheezing when breathing (in cases of heart failure)
• Shortness of breath even at rest or waking up at night

Cardiologic diseases that affect the heart and circulatory system can lead to serious health problems if not diagnosed early. Although symptoms vary depending on the type of disease, some common symptoms may be signs of various heart conditions.

Diagnosis and Tests Performed in the Cardiology Department

A cardiology examination is a medical evaluation process performed to identify health problems related to the cardiovascular system. The topics focused on during this process can be listed as follows:

• Listening to the Patient: Cardiology doctors focus on listening to the patient as the first step of the examination process. At this stage, the person is first asked to explain his/her complaints. The doctor then asks the patient questions to learn about his or her medical history. Based on the answers received, various factors, especially the individual's lifestyle and the risks he or she is exposed to, can be evaluated.
• Physical Examination: After the anamnesis is completed, the physical examination begins. The tests performed at this stage of the examination allow information to be obtained about the general health status of the patient. The physical examination process may include different processes such as listening to the heart rhythm and manual checks.

Various tests are performed in the cardiology department to evaluate cardiovascular health. These tests play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The most commonly performed tests in cardiology are:

• Electrocardiography (ECG): This records the electrical activity of the heart, providing information about heart rhythm and heart rate, and is used to detect arrhythmias and signs of heart attack.
• Echocardiography: Using ultrasound waves, the structure of the heart, its functioning and the condition of the valves are evaluated, it is important in the diagnosis of heart failure or valve diseases.
• Stress Test (Effort Test): The patient is walked on a treadmill and the heart rhythm, blood pressure and the heart's reactions during exercise are monitored, and it is used to detect vascular blockages and problems that occur during exercise.
• Holter Monitor: This device, worn for 24-48 hours, continuously records the heart rhythm and is effective in detecting temporary arrhythmias and irregularities.
• Angiography (Coronary Angiography): It displays the status of the blood vessels by injecting contrast material into the vein. It is the gold standard for diagnosing blockages such as coronary artery disease.
• Blood Pressure Holter: This monitor records the patient's blood pressure regularly for 24 hours and is important in the evaluation of hypertension.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This scan provides detailed images of the heart's structure and function, helping to evaluate congenital heart diseases, heart muscle diseases, and tumors.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Angiography: This scan is used to examine the coronary arteries in detail, providing information about blockages and vascular structure.
• Blood Tests (Troponin, BNP, etc.): Helps diagnose conditions such as heart attacks by measuring the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in the blood.
• Nuclear Cardiology Tests (Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy): Evaluates the blood flow and functioning of the heart using special radioactive substances, providing diagnosis when insufficient blood flows to the heart muscle.
• Photon Counter Computed Tomography: Provides high-resolution images and supports the diagnostic process in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.

What tests do cardiologists perform?

It varies depending on the health problem that develops in the person. Because cardiologists choose from different options depending on the current situation in order to diagnose and monitor heart and circulatory system diseases.

The following tests are frequently used by doctors working in hospital cardiology departments:

• Electrocardiography: Also known as ECG, this device is used to assess the regularity of heartbeats.
• Echo-Cardiography: ECHO is performed when it is necessary to evaluate the structure, size, muscle mass, thickness and function of the heart.
• Angiography: Detailed images of the heart and vessels can be obtained through angiography, which is an invasive type of test. Imaging is done by injecting dye and using X-rays.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography: MRI and CT are other devices used to take detailed images of the circulatory system.
• Stress Test: The test, which makes it possible to evaluate how the heart responds during exercise, is performed in 2 different ways. Stress testing can be performed during exercise or with medication.
• Holter Monitoring: In some cases, it may be necessary to monitor the heart rhythm for 24 hours or more. For this purpose, a method called Holter monitoring is used. The method makes it possible to evaluate how heart rhythm changes during daily activities.
• Tilt Table Test: This test is performed to understand which factor is causing unexplained fainting attacks.
• Electrophysiology Test: EP is another method used to determine the causes of heart rhythm disorders. The invasive type of test is performed by placing a series of electrodes on the body that are connected to a device that measures the heart rhythm.

How often should a cardiology examination be performed?

The frequency of cardiology examinations may vary depending on various factors.

When creating a schedule for repeat examinations, the following factors are generally considered:

• The Individual's Age and General Health Status: The individual's age and current health status are the two most important criteria in determining examination frequency. Young and healthy people generally do not need regular cardiology checkups. However, as age increases or health status changes, more frequent examinations may be necessary.
• Family History of Heart Disease: If there is a family history of heart disease, especially high blood pressure, the person may need regular examinations. Because there may be a genetic predisposition in the origin of some cardiological diseases.
• Risk Factors: Various risk factors are among the factors that cause frequent repeat cardiology examinations. The factors in question are mainly related to the habits that the person adopts in daily life. Factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, irregular and unhealthy diet, and low levels of physical activity may lead to the need for regular examinations. When determining risk factors, environmental factors such as constant exposure to bad weather conditions can also be listed.
• Past Heart Problems: People with a history of cardiovascular disease are scheduled for more intensive examinations than healthy individuals. Regular checkups with a doctor are critical for people who have had a heart attack or other heart problems.

To summarize, based on the factors listed above, healthy individuals at low risk can have a cardiology exam once a year. Those at high risk should contact their doctor to obtain the most accurate information on this subject. If you need medical advice on this matter, you can make an appointment at the cardiology department of the nearest Acıbadem Hospital.

Treatment Methods for Cardiological Diseases

Treatment methods for cardiological diseases vary depending on the type and severity of the disease and the patient's general health status. Medication is the most common approach and includes a variety of options, such as blood pressure regulators, blood thinners, or rhythm-modifying medications. Interventional cardiology methods include procedures such as angioplasty, stent placement or balloon application and are performed to relieve vascular blockages.

• Drug therapy: Blood pressure regulators, cholesterol lowering, blood thinners and rhythm regulating drugs are frequently used. These medications are prescribed to halt the progression of the disease or alleviate symptoms.
• Interventional cardiology procedures: Procedures such as angioplasty, stent placement, and balloon placement are performed to open blocked or narrowed arteries.
• Pacemakers and ICD devices: Pacemakers are placed for patients with heart rhythm disturbances, or ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) devices are used to correct sudden arrhythmias.
• Surgical interventions: Surgical procedures such as heart valve repair or replacement and bypass surgery are generally preferred in advanced cases where medications and interventional methods are not sufficient.
• Lifestyle changes: Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and stress reduction play an important role in controlling the disease.
• Regular follow-up and monitoring: Regular doctor check-ups and tests are critical for monitoring the success of treatment and preventing disease progression in cardiac diseases.

In more advanced cases, devices such as pacemakers and ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) are used. Surgical interventions such as heart valve repair or bypass surgery may also be necessary in some cases. Additionally, lifestyle changes and regular follow-up are an important part of treatment.

What is the Difference Between Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology?

Cardiovascular surgery and cardiology are medical specialties that focus on treating health problems related to the circulatory system. Although the topics they focus on are similar, there are details that distinguish the two departments from each other. For example, cardiologists deal with the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. For this purpose, mainly non-invasive procedures are applied in the diagnostic process. The treatment process includes taking medication and lifestyle changes.

In contrast, cardiovascular surgeons perform surgical procedures such as heart valve replacement, heart bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting), heart valve repairs, angioplasty and stenting. These procedures are preferred in more severe cases of heart disease or if the patient is unresponsive to cardiological treatments.

Tips for Maintaining Heart Health

Heart disease is considered one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Therefore, maintaining heart health should be a part of daily life at all ages, not just when disease occurs. Cardiologists emphasize the effectiveness of lifestyle changes in preventing heart disease. It is possible to protect heart health in the long term with regular checkups and conscious habits.

Cardiologists frequently recommend heart-healthy lifestyle habits as follows:

• Exercise regularly.
• Stay away from cigarettes and tobacco products.
• Get stress under control.
• Eat a healthy and balanced diet.
• Avoid trans fats and processed foods.
• Consume salt in limited amounts.
• Maintain an ideal weight.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Measure your blood pressure regularly.
• Monitor your blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
• Get enough and quality sleep.
• If you have a family history of heart disease, get regular cardiological checkups.

Regular Exercise

Exercising for at least 150 minutes per week supports heart health. For a healthier heart and circulatory system, moderate-intensity exercises such as walking, running, swimming and cycling can be preferred. These exercises can also be supported by a muscle strengthening program that covers at least a few days a week.

Limiting Smoking and Alcohol Consumption

Smoking is one of the habits that increases the risk of heart disease. It is beneficial to stop smoking as it causes many health problems, especially cardiac diseases. Alcohol consumption should also be limited as it can have a similar effect.

Maintaining Height-Weight Balance

Another recommendation cardiologists offer their patients to protect heart health is to maintain a balance between height and weight. In order to maintain ideal weight, a diet that includes low-calorie and high-fiber foods can be followed. To check the balance between height and weight, body mass index can be calculated at regular intervals.

Regular Medical Checkups

Regular visits to the doctor and checkups allow potential heart problems to be detected at an early stage. Heart health can be monitored through blood sample tests and pressure measurements.

Regular Medication Use

Chronic health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cholesterol require regular medication use. Taking the medications recommended by the cardiologist on time and in the correct dose has a positive effect on heart health.

Foods That Are Good for the Heart

Healthy nutrition, which is among the heart-healthy and heart-healthy recommendations, should be discussed in a separate section. In this context, the following foods can be included in your daily diet:

• Fruits and Vegetables: Vegetables such as carrots, zucchini, broccoli, and spinach, especially leafy greens, as well as fruits such as strawberries, kiwi, oranges, apples, and avocados, can be included in your daily diet. The fruits and vegetables in question are rich in antioxidants, fiber, vitamins and minerals.
• Whole Grains: Oats, whole wheat, brown rice, bulgur are beneficial for heart health. Whole grain products with high fiber content contain various vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
• Fish: Fish varieties are among the foods that can be consumed regularly to support heart health. Species such as salmon, sardines and anchovies are ideal options for the intake of Omega-3 fatty acids into the body.
• Dried Legumes: Beans, chickpeas, lentils and many other types of dried legumes have ingredients that will help keep blood levels balanced. Such foods can be added to the daily consumption routine to maintain ideal levels of fiber, protein, vitamins and mineral intake.
• Milk and Dairy Products: Regular protein and calcium intake is important to maintain heart health. These substances can be introduced into the body by consuming fat-free or low-fat dairy products.
• Healthy Oils: Vegetable oils such as olive, canola, and hazelnut have a heart-healthy effect because each is rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
• Red Meat Alternatives: To protect heart health, chicken and turkey can be consumed instead of red meat.
• Nuts and Seeds: Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, chia and flax seeds are high fiber, protein and antioxidant rich food products. Consuming them within daily limits can help protect heart health and stay fit.

How Should Heart Patients Eat?

Heart patients should adopt a diet that supports heart health. Low-fat and low-salt foods should be preferred; Red meat, butter, and full-fat dairy products, which are high in saturated fat, should be limited.

Fiber-rich vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes should be at the forefront. Consuming fish (especially types like salmon, which contain omega-3 fatty acids) is also beneficial for heart health. Trans fats, processed foods, and excessive sugar consumption should be avoided. Additionally, attention should be paid to water consumption and ideal portion sizes should not be exceeded.

Key dietary habits that heart patients should consider include:

• Limiting saturated fat and trans fat intake
• Consuming fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids (at least twice a week)
• Reducing daily salt intake (under 5 grams per day)
• Choosing fiber-rich whole grains
• Increasing fruit and vegetable intake (at least 5 servings per day)
• Limiting sugar and refined carbohydrate intake
• Using healthy fats like olive oil
• Choosing white meat or plant-based proteins over red meat
• Limiting or completely avoiding alcohol consumption
• Regularizing daily fluid intake (increasing water intake)
• Controlling portions and avoiding overeating

Frequently Asked Questions About the Cardiology Department

What does cardiology mean?

Cardiology is the branch of medicine that studies heart and vascular diseases. It covers diagnosis and treatments related to heart rhythm, circulatory system and vascular health.

What diseases does cardiology treat?

Cardiology deals with heart-related diseases such as heart attack, rhythm disturbances, and hypertension. It also monitors vascular occlusions and heart valve diseases.

Which department is cardiology?

Cardiology is a specialty within internal medicine. It is usually chosen as a subspecialty after internal medicine.

How is a cardiology examination performed?

Cardiology examination is performed by evaluating the patient's heart functions such as blood pressure, pulse, and ECG. Echocardiography and stress tests may be performed if necessary.

Does cardiology look at varicose veins?

Cardiology generally deals with diseases related to the deep venous system, but varicose veins are a direct area of vascular surgery. For this reason, cardiovascular surgery is more suitable for varicose veins.

What is Cardiology ECHO?

Cardiology ECHO is an echocardiography procedure known as heart ultrasound. Displays the structure and function of heart valves and muscle.

What is the difference between cardiology and cardiovascular surgery?

While cardiology focuses on heart and vascular diseases that are treated with medication, cardiovascular surgery looks at conditions that require surgical correction. So, one is an internal discipline and the other is a surgical discipline.

What does a cardiologist examine?

A cardiologist monitors diseases such as heart rhythm disorders, hypertension and heart failure. They are responsible for diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient education.

Does cardiology require blood tests?

Cardiology frequently requests blood tests for diagnosis and follow-up. Particularly troponin, cholesterol and electrolyte levels are important.

What is done during a cardiology examination?

During a cardiology examination, the patient's heart sounds are listened to, blood pressure is measured, and an ECG is taken. When necessary, an echocardiogram, stress test, and blood tests are requested.

What is a cardiology consultation?

A cardiology consultation is when another doctor requests a cardiologist's opinion to evaluate a patient's heart. It is frequently used before surgery or in patients at risk.

What is echocardiography?

ECHO cardiology is an evaluation method performed using cardiac ultrasound. Heart valves, wall movements and pumping power are analyzed with this test.

What does the cardiology department examine?

The cardiology department deals with the diagnosis and treatment of heart and circulatory system diseases. Heart rhythm disorders, heart attack, hypertension and heart valve diseases are the main areas of interest of this department.

For which complaints do you go to the cardiologist?

Cardiology may be consulted with complaints such as chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath and fainting. Additionally, if there is hypertension monitoring or a family history of heart disease, cardiological evaluation may be necessary.

What is done during a cardiology examination?

Cardiology examination; It begins with listening to the patient's history, physical examination and blood pressure measurement. Diagnostic methods such as ECG, echocardiography (ECHO) and blood tests are also frequently applied.

Why go to the cardiology department?

A cardiology department is visited to monitor the presence of symptoms that threaten heart health or chronic heart diseases. With early diagnosis and correct treatment, serious consequences of heart diseases can be prevented.